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gibraltar caves project 2003

laboratory

 

All finds made the previous day at Gorham’s Cave are brought to the laboratory for processing. This consists primarily of washing the sample more thoroughly with the use of scrubbing brushes. A great deal of care needs to be taken whilst doing this as some material may be fragile or may preserve remains of pigments such as ochre or may have signs of burning. All this is important evidence that needs to be preserved.


^ Finds are gently washed


Once washed the finds are spread out to dry in the sun. Throughout this process it is important to keep the finds labels together with the material as without this information- where the item was found etc- any further study of the material would be useless. Once dry the items are sorted, repacked and taken for marking. Not every item is marked as this would not only be an immensely time consuming task, but also a useless one as it is not necessary to label every single find. It is often enough to separate finds into batches for example all the rabbit bones from one level may be packed together in one bag. However, this process of packing and labelling very much depends on what the item is and where is it found. For example a high concentration of rabbit bones in a level might indicate that there were rabbit burrows in the cave and given the shy nature of rabbits, this would in turn indicate that the cave was uninhabited at this point by humans. But if the rabbit bones we are finding have signs of burning, it would indicate that the inhabitants of the cave were probably cooking and eating the rabbits.
  

 

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^ Washed finds drying

 

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^ Marking finds with their unique identification numbers

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^ Sorting the finds for processing

 

Therefore the criteria for the way the finds are marked and stored are not rigid. Large finds are always marked individually. These can range from stone tools, to limpet shells, to large bones, to animal teeth. Each item is given its own unique number which then allows the item to be traced on a collections index and pinpointed down to its excavation location and even who excavated it and when. All markings made on the finds are reversible. A sort of ‘chemical sandwich’ is laid down on the piece consisting of a Paraloid B72 transparent varnish used to seal the surface of the piece and prevent the ink from soaking into the piece. The item number is then written on this surface with drawing ink and coated with a final layer of the same varnish to protect the number from being wiped off. This varnish can then be easily removed at a later stage if necessary. Care must also be taken on where the number is placed. It is very important to ensure that the number is small yet legible.

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^ Pieces of ceramic that fit together are also reintegrated

 

All the context sheets and drawings of layers that were made on site during excavation are scanned and together with all information about the finds are entered into the excavation database. But this is not where the lab. work ends, in fact this is where it really begins. Once the items have been washed, numbered and catalogued it is known which items are particularly useful for further study by specialists. This work is multidisciplinary with different specialists working on different areas of the collection, for instance one specialist will study molluscs and snails from the site which are very useful environmental indicators whilst another might study the pollen and seed remains, amphibian and reptile bones, insects. Samples of sand, charcoal and cave formations will have also been taken from the cave for dating in dating laboratories abroad. The result of all these studies will provide a very detailed picture of the locality of Gorham’s Cave and its environs throughout prehistory.

 

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History of the Caves Project Background Personalities Participants
Methodology Laboratory Finds & Updates Pictures